Normal pressure hydrocephalus, also called NPH, is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid that is found in the brain. It helps the brain by acting like a protective pillow and also provides nourishment and helps remove waste. in the ventricles Ventricles are large, open structures inside the brain. of the brain. This can cause the ventricles to swell and press onto the nearby brain tissue, which can lead to a variety of issues.
Problems walking, often seen as slow, small, shuffling steps. This is the easiest symptom to spot and often the first to appear. Doctors may refer to this as "gait disturbance."
Trouble with thinking or memory loss. Doctors may refer to this as "cognitive impairment."
Difficulty controlling the bladder or having to use the bathroom often and urgently. Doctors may refer to this as "incontinence."
Nearly 80% of people with NPH show symptoms but are not diagnosed or treated. NPH is often mistaken for Parkinson’s diseaseParkinson’s disease is a brain disorder that can cause uncontrollable movements such as shaking or stiffness in the body. People with Parkinson’s disease may have trouble walking or balancing or have difficulties with mental abilities. These symptoms are similar to NPH., Alzheimer’s diseaseAlzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that damages a person’s brain function over time. People with Alzheimer’s disease have trouble with thinking, which is one of the most common symptoms of NPH., or normal aging because the symptoms are so similar. See the similarities and differences in the chart below.
| NPH | Parkinson's disease |
Alzheimer's disease |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Walk with small, shuffling steps |  |
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| Urinary problems | |
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| Difficult with thinking and other mental abilities such as memory loss | |
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| Slowness and/or difficulty of movement | |
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| Issues with balance | |
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| Trouble swallowing, chewing, and/or speaking | |
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| Uncontrollable shaking or tremors | |
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Living with NPH can be difficult, and without treatment, symptoms may worsen and can lead to death. The good news is that NPH can be treated. If you or a loved one are experiencing these symptoms, consider talking to a doctor about a possible diagnosis and the STRIDE clinical trial.
